Idioms and proverbs
Four-character idioms and traditional proverbs, listed by level.
134 entries (104 idioms, 30 proverbs)
Level 8
10三人寄れば文殊の知恵
さんにんよればもんじゅのちえ
Three heads are better than one.
塵も積もれば山となる
ちりもつもればやまとなる
Many a little makes a mickle.
好きこそ物の上手なれ
すきこそもののじょうずなれ
You get good at what you love.
早起きは三文の徳
はやおきはさんもんのとく
The early bird catches the worm.
楽あれば苦あり
らくあればくあり
Take the rough with the smooth.
犬も歩けば棒に当たる
いぬもあるけばぼうにあたる
Go out and about, and something — good or bad — will find you.
石の上にも三年
いしのうえにもさんねん
Perseverance for three years brings reward.
聞くは一時の恥、聞かぬは一生の恥
きくはいっときのはじ、きかぬはいっしょうのはじ
Better to ask and blush once than never ask and stay ignorant.
親しき仲にも礼儀あり
したしきなかにもれいぎあり
Good manners matter even between close friends.
鉄は熱いうちに打て
てつはあついうちにうて
Strike while the iron is hot.
Level 7
10備えあれば憂いなし
そなえあればうれいなし
Be prepared and you need not worry.
初心忘るべからず
しょしんわするべからず
Never forget your beginner's spirit.
勝って兜の緒を締めよ
かってかぶとのおをしめよ
Tighten your helmet strap after the victory.
後は野となれ山となれ
あとはのとなれやまとなれ
After me, the deluge.
急いては事を仕損じる
せいてはことをしそんじる
Haste makes waste.
急がば回れ
いそがばまわれ
More haste, less speed.
案ずるより産むが易し
あんずるよりうむがやすし
It is easier to do than to fear.
百害あって一利なし
ひゃくがいあっていちりなし
All harm and no good.
聞くは一時の恥
きくはいちじのはじ
Better to ask and be embarrassed once.
能ある鷹は爪を隠す
のうあるたかはつめをかくす
A skilled hawk hides its talons.
Level 6
9二兎を追う者は一兎をも得ず
にとをおうものはいっとをもえず
He who chases two rabbits catches neither.
弘法にも筆の誤り
こうぼうにもふでのあやまり
Even Homer nods.
情けは人の為ならず
なさけはひとのためならず
Kindness returns to the one who gives it.
捕らぬ狸の皮算用
とらぬたぬきのかわざんよう
Do not count your chickens before they hatch.
灯台下暗し
とうだいもとくらし
The darkest place is under the lamp.
百聞は一見に如かず
ひゃくぶんはいっけんにしかず
Seeing once beats hearing a hundred times.
覆水盆に返らず
ふくすいぼんにかえらず
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
転ばぬ先の杖
ころばぬさきのつえ
A staff before you stumble — prevention first.
鬼に金棒
おににかなぼう
Strength added to strength.
Level 5
10一心不乱
いっしんふらん
isshinfuran
Wholly absorbed in one thing.
一日千秋
いちじつせんしゅう
ichijitsusenshū
Waiting as if each day were a thousand autumns.
一石二鳥
いっせきにちょう
issekinichō
Killing two birds with one stone.
一長一短
いっちょういったん
itchōittan
Every option has its merits and drawbacks.
十人十色
じゅうにんといろ
jūnintoiro
Ten people, ten colours — to each their own.
単刀直入
たんとうちょくにゅう
tantōchokunyū
Getting straight to the point.
四方八方
しほうはっぽう
shihōhappō
In every direction.
完全無欠
かんぜんむけつ
kanzenmuketsu
Perfect and flawless.
弱肉強食
じゃくにくきょうしょく
jakunikukyōshoku
The weak are prey to the strong.
自給自足
じきゅうじそく
jikyūjisoku
Self-sufficiency.
Level 4
23一喜一憂
いっきいちゆう
ikkiichiyū
Alternating between joy and worry.
一進一退
いっしんいったい
isshin'ittai
Advancing and retreating by turns.
一部始終
いちぶしじゅう
ichibushijū
The whole story from start to finish.
以心伝心
いしんでんしん
ishindenshin
Hearts understanding each other without words.
光陰矢の如し
こういんやのごとし
Time flies like an arrow.
公明正大
こうめいせいだい
kōmeiseidai
Fair and above board.
千差万別
せんさばんべつ
sensabanbetsu
Infinitely varied.
半信半疑
はんしんはんぎ
hanshinhangi
Half believing, half doubting.
危機一髪
ききいっぱつ
kikiippatsu
By a hair's breadth.
四苦八苦
しくはっく
shikuhakku
To struggle desperately.
四面楚歌
しめんそか
shimensoka
Surrounded on all sides; utterly isolated.
心機一転
しんきいってん
shinkiitten
A complete change of heart.
意気投合
いきとうごう
ikitōgō
Hitting it off.
我田引水
がでんいんすい
gaden'insui
Bending things to one's own advantage.
時期尚早
じきしょうそう
jikishōsō
Too early for that yet.
暗中模索
あんちゅうもさく
anchūmosaku
Groping in the dark.
異口同音
いくどうおん
ikudōon
Many voices saying the same thing.
百発百中
ひゃっぱつひゃくちゅう
hyappatsuhyakuchū
Hitting the mark every time.
縦横無尽
じゅうおうむじん
jūōmujin
Freely in every direction.
自問自答
じもんじとう
jimonjitō
Asking and answering oneself.
自業自得
じごうじとく
jigōjitoku
You reap what you sow.
表裏一体
ひょうりいったい
hyōriittai
Two sides of the same coin.
試行錯誤
しこうさくご
shikōsakugo
Trial and error.
Level 3
26一朝一夕
いっちょういっせき
itchōisseki
In a single morning or evening — overnight.
五里霧中
ごりむちゅう
gorimuchū
Lost in a thick fog.
傍若無人
ぼうじゃくぶじん
bōjakubujin
Behaving as if no one else were there.
優柔不断
ゆうじゅうふだん
yūjūfudan
Indecisive.
切磋琢磨
せっさたくま
sessatakuma
Sharpening one another.
初志貫徹
しょしかんてつ
shoshikantetsu
Seeing one's original resolve through.
千載一遇
せんざいいちぐう
senzaiichigū
A once-in-a-lifetime chance.
大同小異
だいどうしょうい
daidōshōi
Much the same, differing only in detail.
大器晩成
たいきばんせい
taikibansei
Great talent matures late.
徹頭徹尾
てっとうてつび
tettōtetsubi
Thoroughly, from beginning to end.
捲土重来
けんどちょうらい
kendochōrai
Coming back stronger after a defeat.
換骨奪胎
かんこつだったい
kankotsudattai
Recasting another's work into something of one's own.
有名無実
ゆうめいむじつ
yūmeimujitsu
Famous in name only.
本末転倒
ほんまつてんとう
honmatsutentō
Putting the cart before the horse.
枝葉末節
しようまっせつ
shiyōmassetsu
Trivial details beside the point.
枯木逢春
こぼくほうしゅん
kobokuhōshun
A withered tree meeting spring.
温故知新
おんこちしん
onkochishin
Learning from the past to understand the new.
独立独歩
どくりつどっぽ
dokuritsudoppo
Standing on one's own feet.
疑心暗鬼
ぎしんあんき
gishin'anki
Suspicion breeds monsters in the dark.
空前絶後
くうぜんぜつご
kūzenzetsugo
Unprecedented and never to be repeated.
絶体絶命
ぜったいぜつめい
zettaizetsumei
In dire straits with no escape.
臨機応変
りんきおうへん
rinkiōhen
Adapting flexibly to the situation.
言語道断
げんごどうだん
gengodōdan
Outrageous beyond words.
面目躍如
めんもくやくじょ
menmokuyakujo
Living up to one's reputation.
順風満帆
じゅんぷうまんぱん
junpūmanpan
Smooth sailing.
首尾一貫
しゅびいっかん
shubiikkan
Consistent from start to finish.
Level 準2
24一意専心
いちいせんしん
ichiisenshin
Devoting oneself to one thing alone.
公序良俗
こうじょりょうぞく
kōjoryōzoku
Public order and good morals.
前代未聞
ぜんだいみもん
zendaimimon
Unheard-of.
勧善懲悪
かんぜんちょうあく
kanzenchōaku
Rewarding virtue and punishing vice.
外柔内剛
がいじゅうないごう
gaijūnaigō
Gentle without, firm within.
大言壮語
たいげんそうご
taigensōgo
Big talk beyond one's means.
孤立無援
こりつむえん
koritsumuen
Isolated and without support.
快刀乱麻
かいとうらんま
kaitōranma
Cutting the Gordian knot.
悪戦苦闘
あくせんくとう
akusenkutō
A hard, uphill struggle.
意味深長
いみしんちょう
imishinchō
Pregnant with meaning.
才色兼備
さいしょくけんび
saishokukenbi
Blessed with both talent and beauty.
旧態依然
きゅうたいいぜん
kyūtaiizen
Unchanged from the old ways.
東奔西走
とうほんせいそう
tōhonseisō
Running about in all directions.
森羅万象
しんらばんしょう
shinrabanshō
All things in creation.
泰然自若
たいぜんじじゃく
taizenjijaku
Perfectly composed.
温厚篤実
おんこうとくじつ
onkōtokujitsu
Mild, warm-hearted and sincere.
率先垂範
そっせんすいはん
sossensuihan
Leading by example.
用意周到
よういしゅうとう
yōishūtō
Thoroughly prepared.
眉目秀麗
びもくしゅうれい
bimokushūrei
Strikingly handsome.
自画自賛
じがじさん
jigajisan
Singing one's own praises.
虚心坦懐
きょしんたんかい
kyoshintankai
Open-minded and free of prejudice.
談論風発
だんろんふうはつ
danronfūhatsu
Lively debate.
質実剛健
しつじつごうけん
shitsujitsugōken
Plain, sturdy and strong.
起承転結
きしょうてんけつ
kishōtenketsu
The four-part structure of a composition.
Level 2
22傲岸不遜
ごうがんふそん
gōganfuson
Arrogant and insolent.
危急存亡
ききゅうそんぼう
kikyūsonbō
A crisis of survival.
呉越同舟
ごえつどうしゅう
goetsudōshū
Enemies in the same boat.
唯唯諾諾
いいだくだく
iidakudaku
Meekly complying with everything.
唯我独尊
ゆいがどくそん
yuigadokuson
Holier than thou.
天衣無縫
てんいむほう
ten'imuhō
Flawless and artless.
岡目八目
おかめはちもく
okamehachimoku
The onlooker sees most of the game.
徒手空拳
としゅくうけん
toshukūken
Empty-handed, with nothing to rely on.
支離滅裂
しりめつれつ
shirimetsuretsu
Incoherent and disjointed.
明鏡止水
めいきょうしすい
meikyōshisui
A mind clear as a still mirror.
曖昧模糊
あいまいもこ
aimaimoko
Vague and hazy.
有象無象
うぞうむぞう
uzōmuzō
A rabble; all and sundry.
沈思黙考
ちんしもっこう
chinshimokkō
Deep, silent reflection.
玉石混交
ぎょくせきこんこう
gyokusekikonkō
Jewels and stones mixed together.
生殺与奪
せいさつよだつ
seisatsuyodatsu
Holding the power of life and death.
竜頭蛇尾
りゅうとうだび
ryūtōdabi
Starting strong and ending weak.
自縄自縛
じじょうじばく
jijōjibaku
Caught in one's own net.
荒唐無稽
こうとうむけい
kōtōmukei
Absurd and groundless.
遮二無二
しゃにむに
shanimuni
Recklessly, come what may.
針小棒大
しんしょうぼうだい
shinshōbōdai
Making a needle out to be a club — exaggerating.
阿鼻叫喚
あびきょうかん
abikyōkan
A scene of screaming torment.
雲散霧消
うんさんむしょう
unsanmushō
Vanishing like cloud and mist.